证明题(1946年北京大学1946年清华大学1946年南开大学

两圆外切,其半径各为R和r,设两圆之外公切线之交角为θ,试证 sinθ=.

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Let n be a positive integer. A“Northern European Square Matrix (NESM) is an n×n square containing all the integers from 1 to n²,so that there is exactly one number in each grid.The two different grids are neighbours if they share a common edge.A grid is called a "valley”if the integer in it in smaller than the integers in all the neighbours of the grid. An "uphill path”is a sequence containing one or more grids satisfying:(i)the frist grid of the sequence is a valley,(ii) each subsequent grid in the sequence is the neighbour of its previous grid,(iii) the integers in the girds of the sequence is incremented.Figure out the minimum possible value of the number of uphill paths in a NESM which should be represented by a function of n.译文:令n为一个正整数,一个“北欧方阵”是一个包含1至n²所有整数的n×n的方格表,使得每个方格中恰有一个数字。两个相异方格如果有公共边,称它们是相邻的。如果一个方格内的数字比所有相邻方格内的数字都小,称其为“山谷”。一条“上坡路径”是一个包含一或多个方格的序列,满足:(1)序列的第一个方格是山谷;(2)序列中随后的每个方格都和前一个方格相邻;(3)序列中方格所写的数字递增。试求一个北欧方阵中山坡路径的最小可能值,以n的函数表示之。

三等边三角形顶角之外角,二等分线与底边平行.

由直角三角形之直角顶,作其对边之垂线,求证此垂线之平方等于其所分底线两段之积.

三角形各内角平分线必交于一点,试证之.

设已知三角形之底边、面积及其顶角,求作此形.

给定整数n > 1 .在一座山上有n2个高度互不相同的缆车车站.有两家缆车公司 A 和B,各运营 k 辆缆车;每辆从一个车站运行到某个更高的车站(中间不停留其他车站) . A 公司的 k 辆缆车的k个起点互不相同, k 个终点也互不相同,并且起点较高的缆车,它的终点也较高. B 公司的缆车也满足相同的条件.我们称两个车站被某家公司连接,如果可以从其中较低的车站通过该公司的一辆或多辆缆车到达较高的车站(中间不允许在车站之间有其他移动). 确定最小的正整数 k ,使得一定有两个车站被两家公司同时连接.(印度供题)

Consider the convex quadrilateral ABCD. The point P is in the interior of ABCD. The following ratio equalities hod:∠PAD:∠PBA:∠DPA=1:2:3=∠CBP:∠BAP:∠BPC.Prove that the following three lines meet in a point : the internal bisectors of angles ∠ADP and ∠PCB and the perpendicular bisector of segment AB.设P是凸四边形ABCD内部一点,且满足:∠PAD:∠PBA:∠DPA=1:2:3=∠CBP:∠BAP:∠BPC.证明:∠ADP的内角平分线、∠PCB的内角平分线和线段AB的中垂线,三线共点。 (波兰供题)

There are 4n pebbles of weights 1,2,3,…,4n. Each pebble is coloured in one of n colours and there are four pebbles of each colour. Show that we can arrange the pebbles into two piles so that the following two conditions are both satisfied:● The total weights of both piles are the same.● Each pile contains two pebbles of each colour.有 4n 枚石子,重量分别为 1 , 2 , 3 , … , 4n .每一枚小石子都染了n种颜色之一,使得每种颜色的小石子恰有四枚.证明:可以把这些小石子分成两堆,且满足以下两个条件:● 两堆小石子的总重量相同;● 每堆中每种颜色的小石子各有两枚.(匈牙利供题)

已知△ABC三内角的大小成等差数列,tanAtanC=2+,求角A,B,C的大小;又知顶点C的对边c上的高等于4,求三角形各边a,b,c的长.(提示:必要时可验证(1+)2=4+2)

叙述并证明勾股定理.