证明题(2024年罗马尼亚

Let BC be a fixed segment in the plane, and let A be a variable point in the plane not on the line BC. Distinct points X and Y are chosen on the rays (CA)  ⃗ and (BA) ⃗, respectively, such that ∠CBX=∠YCB=∠BAC.Assume that the tangents to the circumcircle of ABC at B and C meet line XY at P and Q, respectively, such that the points X,P,Y, and Q are pairwise distinct and lie on the same side of BC. Let Ω1 be the circle through X and Y centred on BC. Similarly let Ω2 be the circle through Y and Q centred on BC. Prove that Ω1 and Ω2 intersect at two fixed points as A varies.

【译】在同一平面内,BC为给定线段,动点A不在直线BC上. X和Y分别为射线(CA) ⃗,射线(BA) ⃗上不重合的两点,满足∠CBX=∠YCB=∠BAC.若三角形ABC外接圆在点B和C处的切线分别交直线XY于点P和点Q,点X,P,Y,Q不重合,且位于直线BC同侧.圆Ω1经过点X,P且圆心在BC上.类地,圆Ω2经过点Y,Q且圆心在BC上.证明:当点A运动时,圆Ω1和圆Ω2始终交于两定点.

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Fix integers a and b greater than 1. For any positive integer n, let rn be the (non-negative) remainder that bn leaves upon division by an. Assume there exists a positive integer N such that rn<2n/n for all integers n≥N.Prove that a divides b.给定大于1的整数a和b.对任意的正整数n,记rn为bn除以an的非负余数.若存在正整数N,使得对任意的n≥N,都有rn<2n/n.证明:a整除b.

Given a positive integer n, a set S is n-admissible if①each element of S is an unordered triple of integers in {1,2,⋯,n},②|S|=n-2,and③for each 1≤k≤n-2 and each choice of k distinct A1,A2,⋯,Ak∈S,|A1∪A2∪⋯∪Ak |≥k+2Is it true that, for all n>3 and for each n-admissible set S, there exist pairwise distinct points P1,P2,⋯,Pn in the plane such that the angles of the triangle Pi Pj Pk are all less than 61° for any triple {i,j,k} in S?【译】给定正整数n,称集合S是n-可行,如果其满足以下条件:①S的每个元素都是{1,2,⋯,n}的三元子集;②|S|=n-2;③对任意的1≤k≤n-2和任意k个互不相同的A1,A2,⋯,Ak∈S,都有|A1∪A2∪⋯∪Ak |≥k+2判断以下命题是否为真:对所有n>3和所有的n-可行集合S,在平面内总存在n个互不相同的点P1,P2,⋯,Pn,使得对集合S中任意元素{i,j,k},三角形Pi Pj Pk的每个内角都小于61°.

Consider an odd prime p and a positive integer N<50p. Let a1,a2,⋯,aN be a list of positive integers less than p such that any specific value occurs at most 51/100 N times and a1,a2,⋯,aN is not divisible by p. Prove that there exists a permutation b1,b2,⋯,bN of the a_i such that, for all k=1,2,⋯,N, the sum b1+b2+⋯+bk is not divisible by p.【译】已知奇素数p和正整数N<50p.设a1,a2,⋯,aN是一些小于p的正整数,同一数值至多出现51/100 N次,且a1+a2+⋯+aN不能被p整除.证明:存在a_i的一个排列:b1,b2,⋯,bN,使得对任意的k=1,2,⋯,N,都有b1+b2+⋯+bk不能被p整除.

Let n be a positive integer. Initially, a bishop is placed in each square of the top row of a 2n×2n chessboard; those bishops are numbered from 1 to 2n ,from left to right. A jump is a simultaneous move made by all bishops such that the following conditions are satisfied:each bishop moves diagonally, in a straight line, some number of squares, andat the end of the jump, the bishops all stand in different squares of the same row.Find the total number of permutations σ of the numbers 1,2,⋯,2n with the following property: There exists a sequence of jumps such that all bishops end up on the bottom row arranged in the order σ(1),σ(2),⋯,σ(2n ), from left to right.【译】设n是正整数.最开始在一个2n×2n的方格棋盘上的第一行的每个小方格内均放置一枚“象”,这些“象”从左到右依次编号:1,2,⋯,2n.定义一次“跳跃”操作为同时移动所有的“象”并满足如下条件:每一枚“象”可沿对角线方向移动任意方格;在这次“跳跃”操作结束时,所有的“象”恰在同一行的不同方格.求满足下列条件的数1,2,⋯,2n的排列σ的总个数:存在一系列的“跳跃”操作,使得结束时所有的“象”都在棋盘的最后一行,并且从左到右编号依次为:σ(1),σ(2),⋯,σ(2n ).

Let m<n be positive integers. Start with n piles, each of m objects. Repeatedly carry out the following operation: choose two piles and remove n objects in total from the two piles. For which (m ,n) is it possible to empty all the piles?【译】设正整数m<n.起初一共有n 堆石子,每堆有 m块石子. 重复执行以下操作: 选择两堆石子,从这两堆中移除共n 块石子.问:对于怎样的 (m , n),可以移除所有石子?

Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with AB > AC. Let P be the intersection of the tangents to the circumcircle of ABC at B and C. The line through the midpoints of line segments PB and PC meets lines AB and AC at X and Y respectively.Prove that the quadrilateral AXPY is cyclic.【译】在锐角三角形ABC中,AB>AC,△ABC的外接圆在点B和点C处的切线交于点P.一条同时过PB和PC中点的直线与AB,AC分别交于点X,Y.求证:A,X,P,Y四点共圆.

Find all functions f from the integers to the integers such that for all integers n:2f(f(n))=5f(n)-2n【译】求所有函数f:z→z,使得对任意整数n有:2f(f(n))=5f(n)-2n

In the sequence 7,76,769,7692,76923,769230,… ,the nth term is given by the first n digits after the decimal point in the expansion of 10/13=0.7692307692⋯.Prove that of the first 60 terms of the sequence, at least 49 have three or more prime factors (repeated prime factors are allowed; for example, 76=2×2×19 has three prime factors).【译】在10/13=0.7692307692⋯的十进制表示中,由小数点后的前n位数构成数列:7,76,769,7692,76923,769230,… ,求证:在该数列的前60项中,至少有49项有三个或以上的素因子(包含重复的素因子,例如76=2×2×19有三个素因子).

设S={z∈C||z|=1}.求所有函数f:S→S,使得f为连续单射,且对任意z1,z2∈S,有f(z1 z2 )=f(z1)f(z2).

复矩阵A与A的任意正整数次常相似.(1)证明:A的特征值为0或 1;(2)求A的若当标准型.

已知直线 y = kx + b (k > 0) 与圆 x2 + y2 = 1 和圆 (x − 4)2 + y2 = 1 均相切, 则 k = _______, b = _______.

如图,AB是半圆的直径,C是半圆上一点,直线MN切半圆于C点,AM⊥MN于M点,BN⊥MN于N点,CD⊥AB于D点 . 求证:(1) CD=CM=CN;(2) CD2=AM•BN.

设 CEDF 是一个已知圆的内接矩形,过 D 作该圆的切线与 CE 的延长线相交于点 A ,与 CF 的延长线相交于点 B . 求证:BF/AE=BC3/AC3 .

半径为 1 , 2 , 3 的三个圆两两外切.证明:以这三个圆的圆心为顶点的三角形是直角三角形.

圆Γ的圆心为I.凸四边形ABCD满足:线段AB,BC,CD和DA都与Γ相切.设Ω是三角形AIC的外接圆. BA往A方向的延长线交Ω于点X,BC往C方向的延长线交Ω于点Z,AD往D方向的延长线交Ω于点Y,CD往D方向的延长线交Ω于点T.证明:AD+DT+TX+XA=CD+DY+YZ+ZC.

如图,AB是⊙O的直径,CB是⊙O的切线,切点为B,OC平行于弦AD.求证:DC是⊙O的切线.

已知:如图,MN为圆的直径,P、C为圆上两点,连PM、PN,过C作MN的垂线与MN、MP和NP的延长线依次相交于A、B、D,求证:AC2=AB·AD.

有一个圆内接三角形ABC,∠A的平分线交BC于D,交外接圆于E,求证:AD·AE=AC·AB.

如图所示,O是△ABC的内心,∠BOC=100°,则∠BAC=______度.

沈括的《梦溪笔谈》是中国古代科技史上的杰作,其中收录了计算圆弧长度的“会圆术”.如图,(AB) ̂是以O为圆心,OA为半径的圆弧,C是AB的中点,D在(AB) ̂上,CD⊥AB.“会圆术”给出(AB) ̂的弧长的近似值s的计算公式:s=AB+CD2/OA.当OA=2,∠AOB=60°时,s=【 】

在锐角三角形ABC中,AB<AC.设Ω为三角形ABC的外接圆.点S是Ω上包含点A的弧BC的中点.过点A作垂直于BC的直线与BS交于点D,与圆Ω交于另一点E,E≠A.过点D且平行于BC 的直线与直线BE交于点L.记ω为三角形BDL的外接圆.设ω与Ω交于另一点P,P≠B.证明:ω在点P处的切线与直线BS的交点在∠BAC的内角平分线上.

给定整数n > 1 .在一座山上有n2个高度互不相同的缆车车站.有两家缆车公司 A 和B,各运营 k 辆缆车;每辆从一个车站运行到某个更高的车站(中间不停留其他车站) . A 公司的 k 辆缆车的k个起点互不相同, k 个终点也互不相同,并且起点较高的缆车,它的终点也较高. B 公司的缆车也满足相同的条件.我们称两个车站被某家公司连接,如果可以从其中较低的车站通过该公司的一辆或多辆缆车到达较高的车站(中间不允许在车站之间有其他移动). 确定最小的正整数 k ,使得一定有两个车站被两家公司同时连接.(印度供题)

Consider the convex quadrilateral ABCD. The point P is in the interior of ABCD. The following ratio equalities hod:∠PAD:∠PBA:∠DPA=1:2:3=∠CBP:∠BAP:∠BPC.Prove that the following three lines meet in a point : the internal bisectors of angles ∠ADP and ∠PCB and the perpendicular bisector of segment AB.设P是凸四边形ABCD内部一点,且满足:∠PAD:∠PBA:∠DPA=1:2:3=∠CBP:∠BAP:∠BPC.证明:∠ADP的内角平分线、∠PCB的内角平分线和线段AB的中垂线,三线共点。 (波兰供题)

There are 4n pebbles of weights 1,2,3,…,4n. Each pebble is coloured in one of n colours and there are four pebbles of each colour. Show that we can arrange the pebbles into two piles so that the following two conditions are both satisfied:● The total weights of both piles are the same.● Each pile contains two pebbles of each colour.有 4n 枚石子,重量分别为 1 , 2 , 3 , … , 4n .每一枚小石子都染了n种颜色之一,使得每种颜色的小石子恰有四枚.证明:可以把这些小石子分成两堆,且满足以下两个条件:● 两堆小石子的总重量相同;● 每堆中每种颜色的小石子各有两枚.(匈牙利供题)

已知△ABC三内角的大小成等差数列,tanAtanC=2+,求角A,B,C的大小;又知顶点C的对边c上的高等于4,求三角形各边a,b,c的长.(提示:必要时可验证(1+)2=4+2)

叙述并证明勾股定理.

CD为直角三角形ABC中斜边AB上的高,已知△ADC,△CBD,△ABC的面积成等比数列,求∠B(用反三角函数表示).

锐角△ABC中,AB>AC,M为其外接圆⊙O的劣弧BC的中点,K为A的对径点,过O作OD∥AM交AB于D,交CA的延长线于E,直线BM交直线CK于P,直线CM交直线BK于Q. 求证:∠OPB+∠OEB=∠OQC+∠ODC.

如图,小圆圈表示网络的结点,结点之间的连线表示它们有网线相连.连线标注的数字表示该段网线单位时间内可以通过的最大信息量.现从结点A向结点B传递信息,信息可以分开沿不同的路线同时传递,则单位时间内传递的最大信息量为【 】

魏晋时刘徽撰写的《海岛算经》是关测量的数学著作,其中第一题是测海岛的高.如图,点E,H,G在水平线AC上,DE和FG是两个垂直于水平面且等高的测量标杆的高度,称为“表高”,EG称为“表距”,GC和EH都称为“表目距”,GC与EH的差称为“表目距的差”则海岛的高AB=【 】