证明题(1979年全国统考

叙述并证明勾股定理.

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勾股定理:在直角三角形中,斜边的平方等于两长直角边平方的和.勾股定理证明:如图,作直角三角形斜边AB上的高CD.则 AC2=AD·AB,BC2=BD·AB∴ AC2 + BC2 = AD·AB + B...

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With BC, one leg of △ABC, as diameter, a circle is described intersecting the hypotenuse AC at P. From P draw a tangent intersecting AB at D. Showt hat AD = BD.

在锐角三角形ABC中,AB<AC.设Ω为三角形ABC的外接圆.点S是Ω上包含点A的弧BC的中点.过点A作垂直于BC的直线与BS交于点D,与圆Ω交于另一点E,E≠A.过点D且平行于BC 的直线与直线BE交于点L.记ω为三角形BDL的外接圆.设ω与Ω交于另一点P,P≠B.证明:ω在点P处的切线与直线BS的交点在∠BAC的内角平分线上.

Consider the convex quadrilateral ABCD. The point P is in the interior of ABCD. The following ratio equalities hod:∠PAD:∠PBA:∠DPA=1:2:3=∠CBP:∠BAP:∠BPC.Prove that the following three lines meet in a point : the internal bisectors of angles ∠ADP and ∠PCB and the perpendicular bisector of segment AB.设P是凸四边形ABCD内部一点,且满足:∠PAD:∠PBA:∠DPA=1:2:3=∠CBP:∠BAP:∠BPC.证明:∠ADP的内角平分线、∠PCB的内角平分线和线段AB的中垂线,三线共点。 (波兰供题)

试证三角形之三中线相会于一点.

直角三角形之斜边上所画之正三角形之面积,等于其余两边上所画之正三角形之面积之和.

试言已知三角形之两角及一角之对边,求作其形之方法.

如图,在三角形ABC中∠BAC=60°,BD平分∠ABC,交AC于D,CE平分∠ACB交AB于E,BD和CE交于F,则∠EFB=【 】

设 AD 为 ∠ABC 之中线;∠ADB 之平分线交 AB 于E,∠ADC 之平分线交AC 于F,试证 EF// BC.

若三角形的两边不等,它的对不等边的两角也必不等,并且大角必对大边.

△ABC 之边 AC 之三等分点之中,设近于 A 之点为 D,而 BC 之中点为 E时,则 AE 为 BD 所二等分.

如图所示,在△BC中,M是边AC的中点,D,E是△ABC的外接圆在点A处的切线上的两点,满足MD//AB,且A是线段DE的中点,过A,B,E三点的圆与边AC相交于另一点P,过A,D,P三点的圆与DM的延长线相交于点Q.证明:∠BCQ=∠BAC.

Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with AB > AC. Let P be the intersection of the tangents to the circumcircle of ABC at B and C. The line through the midpoints of line segments PB and PC meets lines AB and AC at X and Y respectively.Prove that the quadrilateral AXPY is cyclic.【译】在锐角三角形ABC中,AB>AC,△ABC的外接圆在点B和点C处的切线交于点P.一条同时过PB和PC中点的直线与AB,AC分别交于点X,Y.求证:A,X,P,Y四点共圆.

Let BC be a fixed segment in the plane, and let A be a variable point in the plane not on the line BC. Distinct points X and Y are chosen on the rays (CA) ⃗ and (BA) ⃗, respectively, such that ∠CBX=∠YCB=∠BAC.Assume that the tangents to the circumcircle of ABC at B and C meet line XY at P and Q, respectively, such that the points X,P,Y, and Q are pairwise distinct and lie on the same side of BC. Let Ω1 be the circle through X and Y centred on BC. Similarly let Ω2 be the circle through Y and Q centred on BC. Prove that Ω1 and Ω2 intersect at two fixed points as A varies.【译】在同一平面内,BC为给定线段,动点A不在直线BC上. X和Y分别为射线(CA) ⃗,射线(BA) ⃗上不重合的两点,满足∠CBX=∠YCB=∠BAC.若三角形ABC外接圆在点B和C处的切线分别交直线XY于点P和点Q,点X,P,Y,Q不重合,且位于直线BC同侧.圆Ω1经过点X,P且圆心在BC上.类地,圆Ω2经过点Y,Q且圆心在BC上.证明:当点A运动时,圆Ω1和圆Ω2始终交于两定点.

给定整数n > 1 .在一座山上有n2个高度互不相同的缆车车站.有两家缆车公司 A 和B,各运营 k 辆缆车;每辆从一个车站运行到某个更高的车站(中间不停留其他车站) . A 公司的 k 辆缆车的k个起点互不相同, k 个终点也互不相同,并且起点较高的缆车,它的终点也较高. B 公司的缆车也满足相同的条件.我们称两个车站被某家公司连接,如果可以从其中较低的车站通过该公司的一辆或多辆缆车到达较高的车站(中间不允许在车站之间有其他移动). 确定最小的正整数 k ,使得一定有两个车站被两家公司同时连接.(印度供题)

已知直线 y = kx + b (k > 0) 与圆 x2 + y2 = 1 和圆 (x − 4)2 + y2 = 1 均相切, 则 k = _______, b = _______.

There are 4n pebbles of weights 1,2,3,…,4n. Each pebble is coloured in one of n colours and there are four pebbles of each colour. Show that we can arrange the pebbles into two piles so that the following two conditions are both satisfied:● The total weights of both piles are the same.● Each pile contains two pebbles of each colour.有 4n 枚石子,重量分别为 1 , 2 , 3 , … , 4n .每一枚小石子都染了n种颜色之一,使得每种颜色的小石子恰有四枚.证明:可以把这些小石子分成两堆,且满足以下两个条件:● 两堆小石子的总重量相同;● 每堆中每种颜色的小石子各有两枚.(匈牙利供题)

沈括的《梦溪笔谈》是中国古代科技史上的杰作,其中收录了计算圆弧长度的“会圆术”.如图,(AB) ̂是以O为圆心,OA为半径的圆弧,C是AB的中点,D在(AB) ̂上,CD⊥AB.“会圆术”给出(AB) ̂的弧长的近似值s的计算公式:s=AB+CD2/OA.当OA=2,∠AOB=60°时,s=【 】

过四点(0,0),(4,0),(-1,1),(4,2)中的三点的一个圆的方程为____________.

If two circles tangent at C and a common exterior tangent touches the circles in A and B, the angle ACB is a right angle.

于圆内接四边形内,若两对角线成垂直,求证对角线交点与一边中点之距离等于自圆心至对边之距离.