证明题(2023年7月国际数学奥林匹克

设ABC是一个正三角形.点A1,B1,C1在三角形ABC的内部,且满足A1 B=A1 C,B1 A=B1 C,C1 A=C1 B及∠BA1 C+∠CB1A+∠AC1 B=480°.设直线BC1与CB1交于点A2,AC1与A1 C交于B2,AB1与A1 B交于C2.

证明:若三角形A1 B1 C1的三边长度两两不等,则三角形AA1 A2,BB1 B2,CC1 C2的外接圆都经过两个公共点.

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锐角△ABC中,AB>AC,M为其外接圆⊙O的劣弧BC的中点,K为A的对径点,过O作OD∥AM交AB于D,交CA的延长线于E,直线BM交直线CK于P,直线CM交直线BK于Q. 求证:∠OPB+∠OEB=∠OQC+∠ODC.

魏晋时刘徽撰写的《海岛算经》是关测量的数学著作,其中第一题是测海岛的高.如图,点E,H,G在水平线AC上,DE和FG是两个垂直于水平面且等高的测量标杆的高度,称为“表高”,EG称为“表距”,GC和EH都称为“表目距”,GC与EH的差称为“表目距的差”则海岛的高AB=【 】

设 △ABC 的重心为 G,BC、CA 的中点为 E、F,设 △ABC 的面积为 K,求△GEF 的面积.

在 △ABC 内作 AE 及 BD,假设 ∠CAE < ∠CBD,∠BAE < ∠ABD,求证 AE> BD.

△ABC 和△A'B'C'中,∠A >∠A’,则 BC >B'C'.

自 △ABC 的顶点 A 引 ∠B 的内外角平分线之垂线,则此两垂足与 AB,AC两边的中点共线.求证之.

Consider the convex quadrilateral ABCD. The point P is in the interior of ABCD. The following ratio equalities hod:∠PAD:∠PBA:∠DPA=1:2:3=∠CBP:∠BAP:∠BPC.Prove that the following three lines meet in a point : the internal bisectors of angles ∠ADP and ∠PCB and the perpendicular bisector of segment AB.设P是凸四边形ABCD内部一点,且满足:∠PAD:∠PBA:∠DPA=1:2:3=∠CBP:∠BAP:∠BPC.证明:∠ADP的内角平分线、∠PCB的内角平分线和线段AB的中垂线,三线共点。 (波兰供题)

已知△ABC三内角的大小成等差数列,tanAtanC=2+,求角A,B,C的大小;又知顶点C的对边c上的高等于4,求三角形各边a,b,c的长.(提示:必要时可验证(1+)2=4+2)

叙述并证明勾股定理.

CD为直角三角形ABC中斜边AB上的高,已知△ADC,△CBD,△ABC的面积成等比数列,求∠B(用反三角函数表示).

There are 4n pebbles of weights 1,2,3,…,4n. Each pebble is coloured in one of n colours and there are four pebbles of each colour. Show that we can arrange the pebbles into two piles so that the following two conditions are both satisfied:● The total weights of both piles are the same.● Each pile contains two pebbles of each colour.有 4n 枚石子,重量分别为 1 , 2 , 3 , … , 4n .每一枚小石子都染了n种颜色之一,使得每种颜色的小石子恰有四枚.证明:可以把这些小石子分成两堆,且满足以下两个条件:● 两堆小石子的总重量相同;● 每堆中每种颜色的小石子各有两枚.(匈牙利供题)

如图,小圆圈表示网络的结点,结点之间的连线表示它们有网线相连.连线标注的数字表示该段网线单位时间内可以通过的最大信息量.现从结点A向结点B传递信息,信息可以分开沿不同的路线同时传递,则单位时间内传递的最大信息量为【 】

如图,已知正方形ABCD的边CD上任意一点E.延长BC到F,使CF=CD.设BE与DF相交于G,求证:BG⊥DF.

已知ABCD,A'B'C'D'都是正方形(如图),而A'、B'、C'、D'分别把AB、BC、CD、DA分为m:n,设AB=1.(1)求A'B'C'D'的面积;(2)求证A'B'C'D'的面积不小于1/2.

Let n be a positive integer. A“Northern European Square Matrix (NESM) is an n×n square containing all the integers from 1 to n²,so that there is exactly one number in each grid.The two different grids are neighbours if they share a common edge.A grid is called a "valley”if the integer in it in smaller than the integers in all the neighbours of the grid. An "uphill path”is a sequence containing one or more grids satisfying:(i)the frist grid of the sequence is a valley,(ii) each subsequent grid in the sequence is the neighbour of its previous grid,(iii) the integers in the girds of the sequence is incremented.Figure out the minimum possible value of the number of uphill paths in a NESM which should be represented by a function of n.译文:令n为一个正整数,一个“北欧方阵”是一个包含1至n²所有整数的n×n的方格表,使得每个方格中恰有一个数字。两个相异方格如果有公共边,称它们是相邻的。如果一个方格内的数字比所有相邻方格内的数字都小,称其为“山谷”。一条“上坡路径”是一个包含一或多个方格的序列,满足:(1)序列的第一个方格是山谷;(2)序列中随后的每个方格都和前一个方格相邻;(3)序列中方格所写的数字递增。试求一个北欧方阵中山坡路径的最小可能值,以n的函数表示之。

联四边对边中点之两直线,必互为二等分,试证之.

Homologous sides of two similar polygons have the ratio of 5 to 9 , the sum of the areas is 212 sq. ft. Find the area of each figure.

Twos tations,A and B on opposite side of a mountain, are both visible from a third station C. The distance AC=3m.CB=5m and the angle ACB=60°. Find the distance between A and B.

于四边形之内,取一点不在两对角线之交点之上者,试证明从此点至各顶点之距离之和大于两对角线之和.

Two straight roads intersect at an angle of 30°. If two automobiles start at the same time at the junction, one at the rate of 60 miles an hour and the other atthe rate of 40 miles an hour, how far apart will they be in 15 minutes?